Volume 8 - Number 2 | July 2024

Money supply, inflation and output: an empirically comparative analysis for Vietnam and China

Pham Dinh Long, Bui Quang Hien, Pham Thi Bich Ngoc

Abstract:

Purpose
This study focuses on analyzing the relation between money supply, inflation and output in Vietnam and China.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the error correction model and the vector autoregression model (ECM and VAR) and the canonical cointegration regression (CCR), the study shows similar patterns of these variable relations between the two economies.

Findings
The study points out the difference in the estimated coefficients between the two countries with different economic scales. While inflation in Vietnam is strongly influenced by expected inflation and output growth, inflation in China is strongly influenced by money supply growth and output growth.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical and comparative research on the relation between money supply, inflation and output for Vietnam and China. The study demonstrates that the relationship between money supply, inflation and output is still true in case of transition economies.

References:

  1. Aksoy, Y. and Piskorski, T. (2006), “US domestic money, inflation and output”, The Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 53, pp. 183-197, doi: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.01.002.
  2. Anh, N.T. and Thuy, N.T. (2013), “Mối quan hệ tương tác giữa tỷ giá, sản lượng và lạm phát tại Việt Nam giai đoạn 2001-2011”, Nghiên cứu kinh tế, Vol. 419, pp. 3-12.
  3. Budina, N., Maliszewski, W., de Menil, G. and Turlea, G. (2006), “Money, inflation and output in Romania 1992-2000”, Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 25, pp. 330-347, doi: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2005.11.006.
  4. Chen, H. (2006), “An empirical study of Chinese inflation time lag”, International Business Research, Table 2, pp. 42-47.
  5. Chow, G.C. and Shen, Y. (2005), “Money, price level and output in the Chinese macro economy”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 12, pp. 91-111, doi: 10.1080/16081625.2005.10510653.
  6. Dammak, T.B. and Helali, K. (2017), “Threshold effects on the relationship between inflation rate and economic growth in Tunisia”, The Journal of International Economics, Vol. 31, pp. 310-325, doi: 10.1080/10168737.2017.1289546.
  7. Dao, X.S. and Vu, Q.T. (2008), Đổi mới ở Việt Nam: Nhớ lại và suy ngẫm, Nhà xut bản tri thức.
  8. Do, T.P.H. and Huong, D.K. (2014), “Đánh giá sự biến động của lạm phát và ngụ ý trong điều hành chính sách tiền tệ tại Việt Nam”, Tạp chí nghiên cúu kinh tế, Vol. 431, pp. 47-52.
  9. Duong, Van.A. and Le, M.D. (2007), Economic Reforms in China and Vietnam: A Brief Comparison, Cent Inst Econ Manag Hanoi.
  10. Friedman, M. (1970), Counter-Revolution in Monetary Theory, Occasional paper 33, Institute of Economic Affairs.
  11. Ghosh, A. and Phillips, S. (1998), Warning: Inflation May Be Harmful to Your Growth, Staff Pap 45, IMF, pp. 672-710, doi: 10.2307/3867589.
  12. Haug, A.A. and Dewald, W.G. (2010), Money, Output and Inflation in the Longer Term: Major Industrial Countries 1880-2001, p. 1760.
  13. Homaifar, G.A. and Zhang, N. (2008), “Long run relationship between money, output, and inflation”, Economia Internazionale/International Economics, Vol. 61, pp. 687-709.
  14. Ma, J. (1999), The Chinese Economy in the 1990s, Springer.
  15. Mankiw, G. (2016), Macroeconomics, 9th ed., Worth Publishers, New York.
  16. Oanh, N.X. (2001), Đổi mới: Vài nét lớn Của một Chính sách kinh tế Việt Nam, Nhà xut bản TP. Hồ Chí Minh.
  17. Truong, M.T. (2013), “Mối quan hệ giữa lạm phát và tăng trưởng kinh tế: Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm ở Việt Nam”, Phát triển kinh tế, Vol. 278, pp. 02-12.
  18. VNEP (2016), Phụ thuộc kinh tế giữa Việt Nam - Trung Quốc, Nhà xut bản tài chính, Hà Nội.
  19. Wang, Q. and Wu, N. (2012), “Long-run covariance and its applications in cointegration regression”, The Stata Journal, Vol. 12, pp. 515-542.

Further reading

  1. Chow, G.C. (1987), “Money and price level determination in China”, Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 11, pp. 319-333.
  2. Knell, M. and Stix, H. (2005), “The income elasticity of money demand: a meta-analysis of empirical results”, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 19, pp. 513-533, doi: 10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00257.x.
  3. Kumar, S. (2014), “Money demand income elasticity in advanced and developing countries: new evidence from meta-analysis”, Applied Economics, Vol. 46, pp. 1873-1882, doi: 10.1080/00036846.2014.887195.
  4. Sriram (1999), Survey of Literature on Demand for Money: Theoretical and Empirical Work with Special Reference to Error-Correction Models, Work Pap No. 99/64, IMF, pp. 1-77.
  5. Zuo, H. and Park, S.Y. (2011), “Money demand in China and time-varying cointegration”, China Economic Review, Vol. 22, pp. 330-343, doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2011.04.001.