Tóm tắt:
Mục đích – Nhận thức về rủi ro của nhà đầu tư là một đánh giá được cá nhân hóa về sự không chắc chắn của lợi nhuận liên quan đến một công cụ tài chính. Nghiên cứu này xác định các yếu tố tâm lý và nhân khẩu học chính ảnh hưởng đến nhận thức rủi ro. Nó cũng làm sáng tỏ mối quan hệ phức tạp giữa các thuộc tính nhân khẩu học và thái độ trước rủi ro của nhà đầu tư đối với đầu tư vốn cổ phần.
Thiết kế/phương pháp/cách tiếp cận – Phân tích nhân tố khám phá được sử dụng để xác định các yếu tố xác định nhận thức rủi ro của nhà đầu tư. Hồi quy bội được sử dụng để đánh giá mối quan hệ giữa các đặc điểm nhân khẩu học và các nhóm yếu tố. Kiểm định Kruskal–Wallis được sử dụng để xác định xem các yếu tố được trích xuất có khác nhau giữa các danh mục nhân khẩu học hay không. Một khung nhận thức rủi ro dựa trên những phát hiện này được phát triển để cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn.
Kết quả - Có bằng chứng về mối quan hệ và ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố nhân khẩu học đối với xu hướng rủi ro và xu hướng hành vi. Từ nghiên cứu này, rõ ràng là kỳ vọng về lợi nhuận, thời hạn và tâm lý ghét bỏ sự mất mát, xác định cấu trúc xu hướng rủi ro, thay đổi đáng kể dựa trên các đặc điểm nhân khẩu học. Sự quen thuộc, tự tin thái quá, xu hướng neo đậu và kinh nghiệm xác định cấu trúc xu hướng hành vi khác nhau giữa các danh mục nhân khẩu học. Những yếu tố này ảnh hưởng đến nhận thức rủi ro của một cá nhân đối với các khoản đầu tư vốn cổ phần.
Hạn chế/ý nghĩa của nghiên cứu – Tài liệu tham khảo cho khuôn khổ của nghiên cứu này bị hạn chế vì chưa có nghiên cứu tương tự nào được ưu tiên trong giới học thuật.
Ý nghĩa thực tế – Bài viết này chứng minh rằng những người tìm kiếm thông tin đưa ra các quyết định hợp lý. Bài báo lặp lại nhu cầu của các nhà quản lý danh mục đầu tư để phát triển và điều chỉnh các chiến lược đầu tư sau khi đánh giá rủi ro của nhà đầu tư bằng cách bao gồm các yếu tố hành vi này, điều này đặc biệt có thể có lợi trong thời kỳ biến động cực độ ở các thị trường thừa nhận khả năng đưa ra quyết định phi lý.
Ý nghĩa xã hội – Nghiên cứu này nhấn mạnh rằng các cơ quan quản lý cần thừa nhận tác động cảm tính, nhận thức và nhân khẩu học của nhà đầu tư đối với thị trường chứng khoán và điều chỉnh các biện pháp kiểm soát rủi ro có lợi cho sự phát triển của thị trường. Nó cũng tạo ra nhận thức của những người tham gia thị trường rằng các yếu tố tâm lý và xu hướng hành vi có thể ảnh hưởng đến các quyết định đầu tư.
Tính mới/giá trị – – Đây là nghiên cứu duy nhất xem xét góc độ ba chiều của khung nhận thức rủi ro của nhà đầu tư. Nghiên cứu trình bày mối quan hệ giữa xu hướng rủi ro, xu hướng hành vi và các yếu tố nhân khẩu học trong bối cảnh “thông tin” là biến trung gian. Bài viết này đề cập đến năm đặc điểm của xu hướng rủi ro và tám xu hướng hành vi, phạm vi bao quát rộng lớn như vậy chưa từng được thử nghiệm trong lĩnh vực học thuật trước đó với quan điểm nói trên.
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Abstract:
Purpose
Investor risk perception is a personalized judgement on the uncertainty of returns pertaining to a financial instrument. This study identifies key psychological and demographic factors that influence risk perception. It also unravels the complex relationship between demographic attributes and investor's risk attitude towards equity investment.
Design/methodology/approach
Exploratory factor analysis is used to identify factors that define investor risk perception. Multiple regression is used to assess the relationship between demographic traits and factor groups. Kruskal–Wallis test is used to ascertain whether the factors extracted differ across demographic categories. A risk perception framework based on these findings is developed to provide deeper insight.
Findings
There is evidence of the relationship and influence of demographic factors on risk propensity and behavioural bias. From this study, it is apparent that return expectation, time horizon and loss aversion, which define the risk propensity construct, vary significantly based on demographic traits. Familiarity, overconfidence, anchoring and experiential biases which define the behavioural bias construct differ across demographic categories. These factors influence the risk perception of an individual with respect to equity investments.
Research limitations/implications
The reference for the framework of this study is limited as there has been no precedence of similar work in academia.
Practical implications
This paper establishes that information seekers make rational decisions. The paper iterates the need for portfolio managers to develop and align investment strategies after evaluation of investors' risk by including these behavioural factors, this can particularly be advantageous during extreme volatility in markets that concedes the possibility of irrational decision making.
Social implications
This study highlights that regulators need to acknowledge the investor's affective, cognitive and demographic impact on equity markets and align risk control measures that are conducive to market evolution. It also creates awareness among market participants that psychological factors and behavioural biases can have an impact on investment decisions.
Originality/value
This is the only study that looks at a three-dimensional perspective of the investor risk perception framework. The study presents the relationship between risk propensity, behavioural bias and demographic factors in the backdrop of “information” being the mediating variable. This paper covers five characteristics of risk propensity and eight behavioural biases, such a vast coverage has not been attempted within the academic realm earlier with the aforesaid perspective.