Tóm tắt:
Thông qua dữ liệu của 30 ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) giai đoạn 2008–2018, tác giả đánh giá tác động của chính sách kinh tế vĩ mô (CSKTVM) đến nợ xấu của hệ thống NHTM tại Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, khi Ngân hàng Nhà nước (NHNN) tăng lãi suất chính sách để kiềm chế lạm phát thì tỷ lệ nợ xấu ngân hàng của ngân hàng cũng có xu hướng tăng. Đối với chính sách tài khóa (CSTK), khi Chính phủ tăng chi tiêu ngân sách, gây ra hiệu ứng lấn át đối với khu vực tư nhân, hậu quả là nợ xấu tăng lên. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu cũng tiến hành phân tích tác động của hai công cụ chính sách an toàn vĩ mô (CSATVM) là giới hạn tăng trưởng tín dụng và dự phòng tổn thất theo chu kỳ. Kết quả cho thấy cả hai công cụ này khá hiệu quả trong việc kiểm soát nợ xấu hệ thống NHTM. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu cũng xem xét sự ảnh hưởng của hai yếu tố kinh tế vĩ mô là tăng trưởng kinh tế và lạm phát. Kết quả cho thấy cả hai yếu tố này đều có quan hệ nghịch chiều đối với tỷ lệ nợ xấu. Cuối cùng, tác giả cũng phân tích tác động của tỷ lệ vốn chủ sở hữu trên tổng tài sản (VCSH/TTS) như là một yếu tố nội tại của NHTM đối với nợ xấu. Kết quả cho thấy, những ngân hàng có tỷ lệ VCSH/TTS thấp hơn thì tỷ lệ nợ xấu có xu hướng giảm nhanh hơn trong thời gian nghiên cứu.
Tài liệu tham khảo:
- Abuzayed, B., Al-Fayoumi, N., & Molyneux, P. (2018). Diversification and bank stability in the GCC. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 57, 17-43.
- Alegría, M., Canino, G., Shrout, P. E., Woo, M., Duan, N., Vila, D., & Meng, X.-L., (2008). Prevalence of mental illness in immigrant and non-immigrant U.S. Latino groups. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 359–369.
- Allen, F. and Gale, D. (2000). Comparing Financial Systems, The MIT Press.
- Altunbas, Y., Binici, M., & Gambacorta, L. (2018). Macroprudential policy and bank risk. Journal of International Money and Finance, 81, 203-220.
- Angela, R. and Irina, B (2015). An empirical analysis of the macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans in EU28 banking sector. Revista Economică 67(2), 108:127.
- Anginer, D., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Zhu, M. (2014). How does bank competition affect systemic stability? Journal of Financial Intermediation 23(1), 1–26.
- Badar, M. and Javid, A. Y. (2013). Impact of Macroeconomic Forces on Non-performingLoans: An Empirical Study of Commercial Banks in Pakistan. Wseas Transactions on Business and Economics, 1(10), 40-48.
- Barr, R. S., Seifor, L. M., & Siems, T. F. (1994). Forecasting bank failure: a non-parametric frontier estimation approach. Recherches Economiques de Louvain/Louvain Economic Review, 60(4), 417-429.
- Barseghyan, L. (2010). Non-performing loans, prospective bailouts, & Japan’s slowdown. Journal of Monetary Economics, 57, 873-890.
- Beck, R., Jakubik, P., & Piloiu, A. (2015). Key Determinants of Non-performing Loans: New Evidence from a Global Sample. Open Econ Rev, 26: 525–550
- Beck, R., Jakubik, P., & Piloui, A., (2015). Key Determinants of Non-performing Loans: New Evidence from a Global Sample. Open Econ Rev 26, 525–550.
- Bernanke, B., Gertler, M. Gilchrist, S. (1996). The financial accelerator and the flight to quality. Review of Economics and Statistics, 78 (1), 1-15.
- Block, J. H., Jaskiewicz, P., & Danny Miller, D. (2011). Ownership versus management effects on performance in family and founder companies: A Bayesian reconciliation. ,Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2, 232–45.
- Boudriga, A.; Taktak, N.B. and Jellouli, S. (2009). Bank Specific, Business and Institutional Environment Determinants of Nonperforming Loans: Evidence from MENA Countries. Economic Research Forum, Working Paper 547.
- Briggs, W. M. and Hung, T. N. (2019). Clarifying ASA’s view on P-values in hypothesis testing. Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, 3(2). 1-16.
- Brownbridge, M. (1998). The causes of financial distress in local banks in Africa and implications for prudential policy. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
- Brownbridge, M. (1998). The causes of financial distress in local banks in Africa and implications for prudential policy. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
- Caprio, G. and Klingebiel, D. (2002). Episodes of systemic and borderline banking crises. World Bank, Washington. DC, mimeo.
- Caprio, G., & Klingebiel, D. (2002). Episodes of systemic and borderline banking crises, World Bank, Washington. DC, mimeo.
- Chaibi, H. & Ftiti, Z. (2015). Credit risk determinants: Evidence from a cross-country study. Research in International Business and Finance, 33, p. 1–16.
- Clement, P. 2010. The term “Macroprudential”: Origins and evolution. BIS. Quarterly Review, 1, 59 – 67.
- Crowe, C. W., Igan, D., Dell’Ariccia, G., & Rabanal, P. (2011). How to Deal with Real Estate Booms. IMF Staff Discussion, Note 11/02
- De Bock, R. & Demyanets, A. (2012). Bank Asset Quality in Emerging Markets: Determinants and Spillovers. IMF Working Paper, 71, March.
- Espinoza, R. & Prasad, A. (2010). Nonperforming Loans in the GCC Banking System and their Macroeconomic Effects. IMF Working Paper 224.
- Eugenio, E. (2018). Macro-prudential policies dataset Available from http://www.eugeniocerutti.com/Datasets [20 January 2021].
- Farhi, E., & Tirole, J. (2012). Collective Moral Hazard, Maturity Mismatch, & Systemic Bailouts. American Economic Review, 102(1), 60–93.
- Flegal, J.M., Haran, M., & Jones, G.L. (2008). Markov chain Monte Carlo: Can We Trust the Third Significant Figure? Statistical Science, 23, 250–260.
- Fofack, H. (2005). Non-performing loans in Sub-Saharan Africa: causal analysis and macroeconomic implications. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 37-69.
- Fofack, H. (2005). Non-performing loans in Sub-Saharan Africa: Causal analysis and macroeconomic implications. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3769, Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Freixas, X., Laeven, L., & Peydró, J-L. (2016). Systemic Risk, Crises, & Macroprudential Regulation. The MIT Press.
- Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2007). Data analysis using regression and multilevel hierarchical models, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Gonzales-Hermosillo, B. (1999). Developing indicators to provide early warnings of banking crises. Financial Development, pp. 36-39.
- Goodhart, C. Tsomocos, D. P., & Vardoulakis, A. (2009). Foreclosures, monetary policy and financial stability. Conference proceedings of the 10th International Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development, Moscow.
- Greenidge, K., & Grosvenor, T. (2010). Forecasting non-performing loans in Barbados. Journal of Business, Finance and Economics in Emerging Economies, 5 (1), 80-107.
- Greenidge, K., & Grosvenor, T. (2010). Forecasting non-performing loans in Barbados. Journal of Business, Finance and Economics in Emerging Economies, 5(1), 80-107.
- Ha, C. N. (2020). Posterior Summary of Bayes Error Using Monte-Carlo Sampling and Its Application in Credit Scoring, Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, 4(2),117-126.
- Hahm, J. H., Mishkin, F., Shin, H. S., & Shin, K. (2012). Macroprudential policies in open emerging economies. NBER Working Paper Series 17780, Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Howard, G. S., Maxwell, S. E., & Fleming, K. J. (2000). The proof of the pudding: An illustration of the relative strengths of null hypothesis, meta-analysis, & Bayesian analysis. Psychological Methods, 5, 315-332.
- https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/gfdr/data/global-financial-development-database [20 January 2021].
- Igan, D., & Kang, H. (2011). Do loan-to-value and debt-to-income limits work? Evidence from Korea. IMF Working paper, no 11/297.
- Illing, G. 2007, Financial stability and monetary policy ― a framework. CESifo Working Paper, no 1971.
- Jiménez, G., Ongena, S., Peydró, J-L., & Saurina, J. (2012). Credit supply and monetary policy: identifying the bank-balance sheet channel with loan applications. American Economic Review, 102 (5), 2301−2326.
- Jiménez, G., Ongena, S., Peydró, J-L., & Saurina, J. (2014). Hazardous times for monetary policy: what do twenty-three million bank loans say about the effects of monetary policy on credit risk-taking? Econometrica, 82 (2), 463–505.
- Jordan, K., Mihail, P. and Elena, N. (2019). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans in the Republic of Macedonia: Comparative analysis of enterprise and household NPLs. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1185-1203.
- Kasselaki, M. T., & Tagkalakis, A. O. (2013.) Financial soundness indicators and financial crisis episodes. Working paper 158, May, Bank of Greece.
- Kastrati, A. (2011). The Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Transition Countries. Financial Stability Report, June, Central Bank of the Repubic of Kosovo.
- Kjosevski, J. & Petkovski, M (2017). Non-performing loans in Baltic States: determinants and macroeconomic effects. Baltic Journal of Economics, 17(1), 25-44.
- Kjosevski, J., Petkovski, M., & Naumovska, E (2019). Bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans in the Republic of Macedonia: Comparative analysis of enterprise and household NPLs. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1185-1203.
- Kruschke, J. K. (2011). Bayesian assessment of null values via parameter estimation and model comparison. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 299–312.
- Lima, P., Serres, A., & Kennedy, M. (2003). Macroeconomic Policy and Economic Performance. OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 353.
- Linh, N. T. X. (2020) Social Existence Determines Consciousness: How the Economy Matters for Cultural Changes? A Study of Selected Asian Countries. Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, 4(1), 117-136.
- Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T., & Metaxas, V. L. (2011). Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of nonperforming loans in Greece: a comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios. Working paper, September, Bank of Greece.
- Lynch, S. M. (2007). Introduction to applied Bayesian statistics and estimation for social scientists, New York, NY: Springer.
- McNeish, D. M. (2016). Using data-dependent priors to mitigate small sample bias in latent growth models: A discussion and illustration using Mplus. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 41, 27-56.
- Ouhibi, S. & Hammami, S. (2015). Determinants of Non-performingLoans in the Southern Mediterranean Countries. International Journal of Accounting and Economic Studies, 3(1), 50-53.
- Prasanna, K. P. (2014). Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Indian Banking System. 3rd International Conference on Management, Behavioral Sciences and Economics Issues. Singapore.
- Schoot, R. V. D. (2016). ‘25 years of Bayes in psychology. Paper presented at the 7th Mplus Users’ Meeting, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Available from http://mplus.fss.uu.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/07/opening-review-short.pptx [18 October 2020].
- Thach, N. N. (2020). How to Explain when the ES is Lower than One? A Bayesian Nonlinear Mixed-effects Approach. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13(2), 1-17.
- Thach, N. N., Anh, L. H., & An Pham Thi Ha, (2019). The Effects of Public Expenditure on Economic Growth in Asia Countries: A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach. Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, 3, 126-149.
- Westermann, F, (2003). Special. In CESifo forum 4(1), 36-49. Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (Ifo).
- Westermann, F. (2003) Special. In CESifo forum 4(1). Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (Ifo).
- Wong, E., Fong, T., Li, K., & Choi, H. (2011). Loan-to-Value Ratio as a Macroprudential Tools — Hong-Kong’s Experience and Cross-Country Evidence. HKMA Working Paper, 01/2011 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Monetary Authority).
- World bank. (2019). Global Financial Development database Available from https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/gfdr/data/global-financial-development-database
Abstract:
Through data of 30 Vietnamese commercial banks for the 2008-2018 period, the author assesses the impacts of macroeconomic policies on non-performing loans (NPL) of the commercial banking system. Research results show that when the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) increases the policy interest rate to curb inflation, the banks NPL ratio also tends to increase. For fiscal policy, when the government increases the budget spending, it will cause an overwhelming effect on the private sector, resulting in increased NPL ratio of the banking system. In addition, the study also conducted an impact analysis of two macroprudential policy instruments are Limits on Domestic Currency Loans and Time-Varying/Dynamic Loan-Loss Provisioning. The research results demonstrate that both of these tools are quite effective in controlling the NPL of the commercial banking system. Besides, the study also considers the effects of two macroeconomic factors, economic growth and inflation. The results show that both factors have negative relationships with the NPL ratio. Finally, the author also analyzes the effect of equity on total assets as an intrinsic factor of commercial banks on NPL. The result reveals that banks have lower equity/total assets, the NPL ratio tends to decrease faster during the study period.