Tóm tắt:
Bài viết nhằm mục tiêu xác định sở hữu nước ngoài và sự hiện diện của ngân hàng nước ngoài (NHNNg) đến hiệu quả của ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) được đo lường bằng ba tỷ số tài chính đại diện: tỷ suất sinh lời trên tài sản (ROA), tỷ suất sinh lời trên vốn chủ sở hữu (ROE) và thu nhập lãi cận biên (NIM). Dữ liệu nghiên cứu được thu thập từ 29 NHTM giai đoạn 2009–2020. Bài viết ước lượng mô hình bằng phương pháp bình phương bé nhất (OLS), sau đó sử dụng phương pháp tác động cố định (FEM), phương pháp tác động ngẫu nhiên (REM) và phương pháp bình phương tối thiểu tổng quát (FGLS) để lựa chọn kết quả cuối cùng. Kết quả nghiên cứu bằng phương pháp FGLS chỉ ra rằng, sự hiện diện của NHNNg (FBANK) có tác động tiêu cực lên hiệu quả hoạt động. Tuy nhiên, chưa có đủ bằng chứng về sự tác động của sở hữu nước ngoài (FOW) và tăng trưởng kinh tế (GDP) lên hiệu quả hoạt động. Ngoài ra, kết quả nghiên cứu cho biết, tăng trưởng tín dụng (LGR), quy mô ngân hàng (SIZE) và lạm phát (INF) có tác động tích cực đến hiệu quả ngân hàng với cả ba biến ROE, ROA và NIM. Bên cạnh đó, biến nợ xấu (NPL) có tác động tiêu cực đến ROA và ROE. Cấu trúc vốn (TDTA) cũng có tác động tiêu cực đến ROA và NIM. Khả năng thanh khoản (LIQ) có tác động tích cực đến NIM nhưng dự trữ bắt buộc (RR) lại cho kết quả ngược lại nhưng với biến ROE.
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Abstract:
The article aims to investigate the impacts of foreign ownership and foreign bank presence on commercial bank efficiency as measured by three financial ratios: ROA (return on assets), ROE (return on equity) and NIM (Net Interest Margin). Research data is collected from 29 commercial banks in the period 2009-2020. We use least squares method (OLS), fixed effects method (FEM), random effects method (REM) and feasible general least squares (FGLS), then chose the best method. The results using FGLS method show that, the presence of foreign banks (FBANK) has a negative impact on commercial bank efficiency. However, there is not enough evidence for the impacts of foreign ownership (FOW) and economic growth (GDP) on efficiency. In adition, our findings indicate that credit growth (LGR), bank size (SIZE) and inflation (INF) have positive impacts on bank efficiency as measured by ROE, ROA and NIM. Besides, the “bad debt” (NPL) has a negative impact on ROA and ROE while capital structure (TDTA) also has a negative impact on ROA and NIM. Liquidity (LIQ) has a positive effect on NIM but reserve requirement (RR) has an opposite effect on ROE.