Số 223 | Tháng 10/2024
Phân tích các yếu tố thúc đẩy Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh trở thành trung tâm fintech khu vực
Ngô Minh Vũ*
Tóm tắt:
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TP. HCM) đang nổi lên như một ứng viên tiềm năng để trở thành trung tâm công nghệ tài chính (fintech) của khu vực Đông Nam Á. Với sự phát triển nhanh chóng của ngành fintech trên toàn cầu và tầm quan trọng của fintech đối với sự phát triển kinh tế, việc nghiên cứu và đánh giá các yếu tố thúc đẩy tiềm năng này trở nên cấp thiết. Nghiên cứu này xác định và đánh giá các yếu tố quyết định để TP. HCM trở thành trung tâm fintech, bao gồm khung pháp lý, hạ tầng công nghệ, nguồn nhân lực, hệ sinh thái khởi nghiệp, chính sách hỗ trợ và các yếu tố thu hút đầu tư nước ngoài. Sử dụng kết quả khảo sát của 1.147 người dân cùng với phương pháp nhân tố khám phá (EFA) và phương pháp phân tích mô hình cấu trúc (SEM) đa nhóm giữa nhóm chuyên gia tài chính và phi tài chính, nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng mặc dù TP. HCM có những điều kiện thuận lợi như nguồn lực và sự cam kết của Chính phủ nhưng vẫn còn tồn tại nhiều thách thức. Những thách thức này bao gồm sự thiếu hụt về nguồn vốn đầu tư, sự cần thiết của các quy định rõ ràng hơn và nhu cầu về phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng công nghệ và kỹ năng chuyên môn trong các lĩnh vực công nghệ và dữ liệu. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất các chiến lược cụ thể nhằm khắc phục những hạn chế này và thúc đẩy sự phát triển của TP. HCM thành một trung tâm fintech hàng đầu.
Tài liệu tham khảo:
- Awotunde, J. B., Adeniyi, E. A., Ogundokun, R. O., & Ayo, F. E. (2021). Application of big data with fintech in financial services. In fintech with Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Blockchain (pp. 107-132). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
- Barclays Corporate and Investment Bank (2020). The future of Smart Cities. Retrieved from https://www.cib.barclays/our-insights/Rethinking-smart-cities-prioritising-infrastructure.html
- Dawood, H., Liew, C., & Lau, T. (2021). Mobile perceived trust mediation on the intention and adoption of fintech innovations using mobile technology: A systematic literature review. F1000research, 10, 1252. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74656.1.
- Financial Stability Board (2017). Financial Stability Implications from fintech. Retrieved from https://www.fsb.org/2017/06/financial-stability-implications-from-fintech/.
- Friederici, N. (2018). Grounding the dream of african innovation hubs: two cases in kigali. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 23(02), 1850012. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946718500127.
- Galarreta, A., & Santana, M. (2019). Key factors in the development of the fintech market in Peru. AMCIS 2019 Proceedings, (60). https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2019/treo/treos/60.
- Gilroy, M., Packard, C., & Wang, L. (2022). The future of fintech growth. McKinsey and Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth
- Haddad, C., & Hornuf, L. (2019). The emergence of the global fintech market: Economic and technological determinants. Small Business Economics, 53(1), 81-105.
- Hendrikse, R., Van Meeteren, M., & Bassens, D. (2020). Strategic coupling between finance, technology and the state: Cultivating a fintech ecosystem for incumbent finance. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(8), 1516-1538.
- Huynh, T. N. (2022). Dynamic spatial effects of determinants of foreign direct investment: A case of the southern key economic region of Vietnam. Australian Economic Papers, 61(3), 436-454.
- Iman, N. (2019). Traditional banks against fintech startups: a field investigation of a regional bank in indonesia. Banks and Bank Systems, 14(3), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(3).2019.03
- IMF (2018). The Bali fintech Agenda: A Blueprint for Successfully Harnessing fintech’s Opportunities. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/10/11/pr18388-the-bali-fintech-agenda
- Kwon, K., Molyneux, P., Pancotto, L., & Reghezza, A. (2023). Banks and fintech acquisitions. Journal of Financial Services Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-022-00396-x
- Li, B., & Xu, Z. (2021). Insights into financial technology (fintech): a bibliometric and visual study. Financial innovation, 7, 1-28.
- Li, Y. K., & Harkiolakis, N. (2020). Success factors of fintech start-ups in Hong Kong. International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 5(3), 224-240.
- Machkour, B., & Abriane, A. (2020). Industry 4.0 and its Implications for the Financial Sector. Procedia Computer Science, 177, 496-502.
- Narayan, S. (2019). Does fintech matter for indonesia’s economic growth? Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 22(4), 437-456. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v22i4.1237.
- Nguyen, H. Y. (2020). fintech in Vietnam and its regulatory approach. In Regulating fintech in Asia: Global Context, Local Perspectives (pp. 115-138). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
- OECD (2018). Financial Markets, Insurance and Private Pensions: Digitalisation and Finance. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/competition/financial-markets-insurance-and-pensions-2018.htm.
- Penco, L., Ivaldi, E., Bruzzi, C., & Musso, E. (2019). Entrepreneurship and the cities in a knowledge-based perspective: evidences from eu. Euromed Journal of Business, 14(3), 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/emjb-11-2018-0076.
- Razletovskaia, V. (2020). International coordination and national institutional facilitating mechanisms for financial technology development, for the sustainable development support. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 208, p. 03041). EDP Sciences.
- Rupeika-Apoga, R., & Thalassinos, E. (2020). Ideas for a regulatory definition of fintech. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, VIII(Issue 2), 136-154. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/448.
- Savills Impacts (2023). Savills Tech Cities: fintech. Retrieved from https://www.savills.com/impacts/cities/savills-tech-cities-2023.html.
- Schilirò, D. (2021). fintech in Dubai: Development and Ecosystem. International Business Research, 14(11), 61-70.
- Smith, A., Voß, J. P., & Grin, J. (2010). Innovation studies and sustainability transitions: The allure of the multi-level perspective and its challenges. Research policy, 39(4), 435-448.
- Steen, M., & Weaver, T. (2017). Incumbents’ diversification and cross-sectorial energy industry dynamics. Research Policy, 46(6), 1071-1086.
- Stulz, R. M. (2019). fintech, bigtech, and the future of banks. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 31(4), 86-97.
- Svirina, A., Appalonova, N., Garanin, D., Lukashevich, N., & Koshkin, I. (2021). fintech developmental trends: the role and influence of sustainable digital logistics. E3s Web of Conferences, 258, 02019. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125802019.
- Truong, T. P., & Aimee, H-M. (2022). Viet nam’s ecosystem for technology startups. Asian development bank. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/807121/viet-nam-ecosystem-technology-startups.pdf.
- Vandenberg, P., Hampel-Milagrosa, A., & Helble, M. (2020). Financing of tech startups in selected Asian countries (No. 1115). ADBI Working Paper Series.
- World Bank (2021). World Bank Supports Inclusive Recovery Efforts in Vietnam, Promotes Improved Urban Governance in Ho Chi Minh City. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/06/29/world-bank-supports-inclusive-recovery-efforts-in-vietnam-promotes-improved-urban-governance-in-ho-chi-minh-city.
- Yang, H., Dijst, M., Witte, P., Ginkel, H., & Wang, J. (2018). Comparing passenger flow and time schedule data to analyse high-speed railways and urban networks in china. Urban Studies, 56(6), 1267-1287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018761498.
- Zhang, Y. (2023). Impact of Green Finance and Environmental Protection on Green Economic Recovery in South Asian Economies: Mediating Role of fintech. Economic Change and Restructuring, 56(3), 2069-2086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-023-09500-0.
- Zhao, L., & Wang, X. (2021). Rural Housing Vacancy in Metropolitan Suburbs and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Nanjing, China. Sustainability, 13(7), 3783. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073783.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Regional Fintech Hub of Ho Chi Minh City
Abstract:
Ho Chi Minh City is emerging as a potential candidate for becoming a financial technology (fintech) hub in Southeast Asia. With the rapid global development of the fintech industry and the importance of financial technology to economic growth, researching and evaluating the factors driving this potential is essential. This study identifies and assesses the critical determinants for this development, including the legal framework, technological infrastructure, human resources, startup ecosystem, government support policies, and foreign investment attraction factors. Using survey results from 1,147 respondents and applying exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multi-group structural equation modelling (SEM) between financial and non-financial experts, the study reveals that while Ho Chi Minh City benefits from favourable conditions such as resources and government commitment, there are still many challenges. These challenges include more investment capital, transparent regulations, and the need to develop technological infrastructure and specialized skills in technology and data. Consequently, the study proposes strategies to address these limitations and promote Ho Chi Minh City’s development into a leading fintech hub.