SỐ 207 | THÁNG 6/2023
Tác động của đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài đến phát triển bền vững: Xem xét vai trò của tài chính xanh
Trần Thị Kim Oanh, Ma Thị Ngọc Hà, Phạm Thương Hiền, Trần Thị Mỹ Duyên, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Như, Hàng Bảo Ngọc
Tóm tắt:
Bài viết phân tích tác động của đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI) đến phát triển bền vững (SDGI) dưới vai trò của tài chính xanh (TCX) (GF) ở 54 quốc gia trên thế giới và tại Việt Nam giai đoạn 2008–2021. Kết quả hồi quy Bayes cho thấy, GF tác động tích cực đến SDGI với hệ số trung bình β = 0,0046 và xác suất tác động tích cực của GF lên SDGI là 75,66%. Tại Việt Nam, xác suất này là 68,23%. Dòng vốn FDI có tác động tiêu cực đến SDGI, với xác suất là 68,77% tương ứng với hệ số trung bình β = -0,0430. Tại Việt Nam, xác suất này lên tới 87,31%. Khi xét vai trò của TCX thì mối quan hệ này lại thúc đẩy phát triển bền vững với hệ số trung bình β = 0,0006 và xuất suất tác động tích cực là 93,89%, trong khi tại Việt Nam con số này là 72,19%. Từ kết quả trên, bài viết khuyến nghị Việt Nam cần tăng cường sự hợp tác quốc tế để thu hút thêm các nhà đầu tư nước ngoài và chuyển giao công nghệ TCX; phát triển các chính sách và khung pháp lý để hỗ trợ cho các dự án TCX. Đồng thời, Việt Nam cũng cần thu hút thêm các nhà đầu tư nước ngoài để đầu tư vào các dự án năng lượng tái tạo và xử lý chất thải. Các dự án này không chỉ giúp giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường, mà còn tạo ra cơ hội việc làm cho người dân và tăng cường giá trị gia tăng cho khu vực.
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Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on Sustainable Development: Considering the Role of Green Finance
Abstract:
The paper examines the role of green finance (GF) in 54 countries worldwide, including Vietnam, from 2008 to 2021. It also analyzes the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on sustainable development (SDGI). The results of the Bayesian regression indicate that GF has a positive influence on SDGI with an average coefficient of = 0,0046 and that the probability that GF will have a positive impact on SDGI is 75,66%. This chance is 68,23% in Vietnam. FDI negatively affects sustainable development, with a chance of 68,77%, or an average coefficient of -0.0430, for FDI adversely impacts SDGI. In Vietnam, the probability can reach 87,31%. When considering the role of green finance (FDIGF), this relationship promotes sustainable development with an average beta = 0,0006 and a probability of positive impact of 93,89%, while in Vietnam, this figure is 72,19%. According to the abovementioned findings, the group recommends that Vietnam improve international cooperation to attract more foreign investors, transfer green financial technology, and create policies and legal frameworks to support green finance initiatives. Vietnam should entice more foreign investors to fund initiatives involving waste treatment and renewable energy simultaneously. These initiatives contribute to lowering environmental pollution and improving the area's added value by giving locals employment opportunities.